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| 1897 |
| | Jewish composer Gustav Mahler is baptized a Christian so as to be eligible to conduct the Vienna Opera | |
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| 1897 |
| | The first Zionist Congress is held in Basel with Theodor Herzl in the chair | |
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| 1917 |
| | Foreign Secretary A.J. Balfour declares Britain's conditional support for a homeland in Palestine for the Jews | |
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| 1920 |
| | The Haganah is set up as an underground military organization to protect Jewish settlements in Palestine | |
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| 1929 |
| | Arabs in the Palestinian town of Hebron turn on their Jewish neighbours and murder sixty-seven | |
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| 1931 |
| | Irgun, a new Jewish paramilitary group, is set up by Haganah commanders frustrated by the older organization's policies | |
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| 1933 |
| | Adolf Hitler passes a law forcing the 'retirement' of all Jews working in the civil service, schools and universities | |
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| 1935 |
| | Adolf Hitler promulgates a law prohibiting any sexual relationship between Jews and 'Aryans' | |
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| 1935 |
| | New Nazi laws announced at Nuremberg strip Jews of their German citizenship | |
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| 1938 |
| | Left-wingers and Jews suffer immediate persecution in Nazi Austria, now part of Germany | |
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